西藏人口发展的空间解析与可持续城镇化探讨

Spatial Analysis of Population Development and Discussion of Sustainable Urbanization in Tibet

改革开放以来,西藏的社会经济发展水平显著提高。但同时人口压力也在不断加大,农村的高自然增长率对城镇化产生一定的负效应,而流动人口成为新时期加速城镇化进程的主体力量。在分析人口增长与人口流动对城镇化作用的基础上,对西藏城镇的“职能-规模-空间”结构变动的综合特征进行了解析,认为经济职能是近年加速城镇规模扩大的重要因素,新镇的设立对城镇化贡献显著,使城镇空间分布逐渐趋于“大分散、小集中”的格局。并进一步探讨了人口发展、城镇化同资源环境、社会经济的冲突,提出可持续的城镇化是西藏人口发展和城镇化进程中需要努力实现的目标。

The level of Tibetan economy and society has been improved remarkably since the reform and openingup of China. But the population pressure of Tibet has increased as the same time. High natural growth rates in rural areas produces certain negative effects on urbanization and floating population become the main strength for speeding up the process of urbanization in the new era. At the base of talking about the effect of population growth and floating on urbanization, this article analysed the integrative characteristics of the change in urban structure of function, scale and space. It also pointed out that economic function became important factor to accelerate the expansion of urban scales in recent years and the new towns played an iroportant role in Tibetan urbanization which made the spatial pattern of urban distribution become dispersion on the whole and local concentration. Furthermore, conflicts is discussed between population increase, urbanization, resources and environment, and social economy. Authors brought forward some standpoints： first, the convergence of population and industry makes the urban capacity towards gradual saturation; second, the competition for employment and restricted urban capacity brings great pressure on native farmers＇urbanization; third, being held up of a great number of farmers in the land aggravated pressures on resources and environment ; fourth, the shortage of construction funds influenced the improvement of urbanization quality, and urbanization process brings certain impacts on the protection and succession of Tibetan characteristic culture. At last, there is a brief conclusion that the sustainable urbanization is the goal which can be pulled off in the process of population development and urbanization in Tibet.