基于二阶段嵌套锡尔系数分解方法的中国区域经济差异研究

Chinese Regional Economic Inequalities Based on the Two-Stage Nested Theil Decomposition Method

用锡尔系数对1978年以来中国区域经济差异水平进行定量测度。在此基础上,基于三大地带———省(直辖市、自治区)、地区(市、区、自治州)三级结构的地域行政单元,运用二阶段嵌套锡尔系数分解方法对中国区域经济差异进行定量测度,将中国地区差异分解为东、中、西三大地带间的差异和三大地带内省间的差异以及各省区的省内差异,发现省内差异对于中国整体区域差异的影响较三大地带间差异和三大地带内省间差异显著得多,是构成全国整体区域差异的重要组成部分。

The objective of this paper is to apply an inequality composition method, the two-stage nested Theil decomposition method, which is an extension of the ordinary one-stage Theil decomposition method, to an empirical examination of the Chinese regional disparities. One of the innovation of this paper, compared to those previous studies on the same topic, is its multi-scale approach. First of all, the regional inequalities is measured quantitatively in China from 1978 to 2001 by Theil indices based on province-level mean income. Secondly, based on a hierarchical structure of three-level measurement, region-province-prefecture, the paper decomposes overall regional inequality into three components： between-region, between-province, and within-province inequality components. The method uses a prefecture as the underlying regional unit to measure quantitatively overall regional income inequality, rather than a province that is chosen often by the most researchers, and thus can analyze the contribution of within-province inequalities as well as between-province and between-region inequalities to the overall regional income inequalities in a coherent framework. Thus, this paper applies the two-stage nested Theil decomposition method to prefecture-level income and population data in China in 1995,1997,1999 and 2001, and explores the spatial structure of within-provinces inequalities. In the end, to further analyze the results, the three inequality components in 2001 are analyzed in depth separately . Some interesting findings revealed in this study worth further discussion. The most important contribution of recent Chinese regional disparities has been identified with the Theil sub-index of intra-provincial inequalities, which is far more significant than the inter-province and inter-region inequalities components, thus has been recognized as the first and foremost important contributor of recent Chinese regional disparities.