中国北方地区近50年来气温变化特征的研究

Variation Characteristics of Temperature over Northern China in Recent 50 Years

文章分析了1951～2000年中国北方地区(包括东北、华北和西北)的平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温随时间的变化趋势特征.分析发现:在全球气候变暖的前景下,中国北方地区近50年来平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的增温态势十分明显;东北地区的增温大于西北和华北地区;日最低气温的增温比平均气温和日最高气温更加显著;冬季增温比夏季显著.20世纪80年代中后期平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温大多发生了一次显著的变暖突变.90年代以来中国北方地区的气温明显偏高.但是不同季节、不同区域气温的多年变化特征并不完全相同,具有各自的特殊性.

This paper mainly analyzed the variation characteristics of the mean temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the daily maximum temperature with the time over northern China, including Northeast China, North China and Northwest China, in 1951 -2000. The results indicate： The increasing trends of the mean temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the daily maximum are much more significant over northern China in recent 50 years, in the background of global climate wanning. The increasing intensity of temperature in Northeast China is more than that in North China and in Northwest China, the increasing speed of the daily minimum temperature is more faster than that of the mean temperature and the daily maximum temperature, as well as the increasing trends of temperature are more obvious in winter than in summer; in addition, there are significant abrupt changes in the mean temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the daily maximum temperature in the mid and late of 1980＇s; the temperature has been apparently on the high side since the 1990＇s. However, it is not absolute same to the multi-year change characteristic of temperature in the different seasons and regions, they have themselves special features.