基于TM和ETM^+遥感分析的石家庄市土地利用/覆被变化研究

Research on Land Use/Cover Change in Shijiazhuang Using Landsat TM and ETM^+ Data

文章利用Landsat的TM和ETM+数据,对石家庄市1987年和2001年的土地利用/覆被进行分类,并对这一期间发生的土地利用/覆被变化进行了定量分析。结果显示:研究区主要土地利用/覆被类型可以划分为城市用地、居住用地、农田、菜地、林地、果园、草地、水体、沙地/裸地等9类;研究区域发生的土地利用/覆被变化主要由近年来的快速城市化过程引起。变化较大的土地利用类型为城市用地、农田、菜地和林地;变化较大的区域主要分布在城市的边缘和市区的东部及西北部。

Land use/cover change research is one of the most important components of the research of global change, and as a focus has attracted more attention among geographers and natural scientists; most of them are on the status, dynamics, mechanism of land use/cover change, and the environment consequences of these changes. The paper, supported by the Landsat TM digital images and ERMaper, analyzed the changing status and features of urban land use/cover from 1987 to 2001, it shows that there are nine types of land use/cover, urban land, resident, arable land, vegetables, wood land, orchards, grass land, water and sands. In this period, urban, vegetables and water areas are increasing rapidly, the urban land, with the increase rate of 81.47%, is dominant at the rim of the old city, and comes from resident, arable land and so on; vegetables, increased with the rate of 73.46%, mainly come from arable land and woods land; water area is increased most rapidly, with the rate of 591.73%, because of the construction of man-made rivers and parks. And the arable land, woods land and orchards are decreasing sharply with the rates of 50.94%, 74.26%, and 53.54% respectively ; the urban expansion changed the arable land into urban and resident, and turns the woods land and orchard into vegetables. The grassland is increased from 0 to 2.66 km2 and the sands area is decreased from 2.42 km^2 to 0 in the study area. Changed areas are major on the rim of the city （suburban） and the east and northwest part of study area. The study provides： two classification maps of land use/cover about 1987 and 2001, the conversion maps of major types of land use/cover in the period, the distribution maps of land use/cover conversion between some major types. The feature of the land use/cover change is the fast urban expansion around the old city and in eastern part far from center of the city, the vegetable, water area and grassland are increased, and arable land, woods land, and orchards are decreased, other types of land use/cover is changed by the urban expansion, and it is the people lived in the city that decided the distribution of urban expansion. So from this study, we can promote our understanding of land use/cover change in Shijiazhuang.