东海中南部海域锈斑蟳渔业生物学和数量分布

Fishery Biology and Quantity Distribution of Charybdis feriatus in the Middle South of East China Sea

研究了1998-1999年东海区虾蟹类调查所获的部分锈斑蟳样品与1998～2004年在东海拖虾作业与蟹笼作业等周年逐月渔获物中采集的锈斑蟳样品的生物学特性,结果表明:东海锈斑蟳渔获群体的甲长范围为26～105 mm,甲宽范围为36～165 mm,体重范围为5～610 g,雄性个体平均要略大于雌性个体;周年雌蟹略多于雄蟹,性比为1∶0.94,繁殖期为7～12月,繁殖高峰期为8～10月,不同个体怀卵量在113 867～1 594 167粒之间;调查海区10月开始出现幼蟹,5月生长加速,最小抱卵个体的甲长为60 mm,甲宽为85 mm,体重为110 g.另根据1998～1999年调查资料分析得知:锈斑蟳主要分布在长江口渔场以南水深60 m以内海域,中心区分布在闽东渔场,渔期为11月～翌年2月,是舟山、长江口渔场三疣梭子蟹汛期结束后,蟹笼、流刺网作业的又一主捕对象.

According to 1 151 samples of Charybdisferiatuz from the East China Sea, collected from the resource investigation of crustaceans from 1998 to 1999, or caught by the fishing tackles such as shrimp trawl from 1998 to 2004, biological properties are analyzed. The results indicate that weight of Charybdis feriatus caught in the East China Sea is from 5 to 610 g, with the length of shell ranging from 26 to 105 mm,width of shell ranging from 36 to 165 mm, the average size of the male is slightly bigger than that of the female. The quantity of one-year male is little larger than that of the female, with the sex ratio 1：0.94. Charybdis feriatus breed from July to December, with the mass-reproduce from Autumn to Octo- ber and the brood a hount between 113 867 - 1 594 167. In the area investigated, young crabs appear from October, grow rapidly from May, the weight of the least breeding individual is 110g, with the length of shell 60mm and the width of shell 85mm. By analysing the findings data from 1998 to 1999, we conclude that Charybdis feriatus distribute mainly in the shallow sea area at depth of 60 m, south of the estuary of Yangtse River, the center of which is Mindong fishery. After the end of fishing season of Ovalipes punclatus in the Zhoushan fishery, Charybdis feriatus is the main capture by using the crab pot and gill net from November to February of the next year. It can also be the excellent species for artificial rearing in the future.