北魏前期农牧关系的演变

Evolution of the relation between farming and animal husbandry in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏前期,拓跋鲜卑从以游牧为主转向农耕为主,原因之一是水旱灾害频繁发生,饥荒不断,需要发展农耕业以解决粮食供应问题。此外,游牧民族南下后,不得不改变其散居的生活方式,难以继续以畜牧为主业,向农耕业转变是客观需要。不过,当时畜牧业始终在社会生产中占有很大的比重,这与军事需要和饮食习惯是密切相关的。

In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xianbei turned to engage mainly in farming instead of engaging mainly in nomadizing. One of the reasons was that famines constantly occurred because of frequent floods and droughts, so they had to develop farming to solve the problem of food supply. In addition, their turning to farming was the objective demand because after the nomadic people went down south, they had to change their way of life characterized by living scatteredly, so it was hard for them to engage mainly in animal husbandry. However, animal husbandry always occupied an important place in social production, which was closely related with military needs and diatary habit.