某甘蔗化工厂噪声水平和噪声作业人员听力曲线分布的调查

An Investigation on Noise Level at Workplaces and Distribution of Hearing-loss Curve of Noise-exposed Workers

目的了解某甘蔗化工厂近年噪声环境情况和噪声作业人员听力曲线的分布。方法对该厂多处噪声点监测。选择进行纯音气导听力检查的江门市某甘蔗化工厂230名噪声作业人员为接触组,其他单位的144名非噪声作业人员为对照组,分析两组听力曲线的分布。结果某甘蔗化工厂各分厂的等效连续A声级都超过国家职业暴露阈限值90dB(A),接触组的双耳楔状、双耳乙状型检出率高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论较高的等效连续A声级噪声对听力有一定损伤作用,影响听力曲线的分布,建议该厂增加隔音设备,让接触噪声人员定期接受听力检查和做好个人防护工作。

Objective To investigate the noise level at workplaces and the distribution of the hearing-loss curves of noise-exposed workers in a cane-sugar chemical plant. Methods 230 noise exposed workers and 144 non- noise exposed workers were examined hearing-loss by electronic audiometry. The distribution frequency of varied hearing-loss curve was analyzed. Results The noise levels represented by Leq（A） values at workplaces were all exceeded 8h-90db（A）. The detection rates of V-shapes （wedge-shaped） and U-shaped hearing-loss curves of both ears were found higher in noise-exposed group compared with the controls（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Noise levels with higher Leq （A） values caused not only hearing-loss, but also change of distribution of hearing-loss curves. This study suggested that necessity of noise control at workplaces and personal protection measures together with medical surveillance by regular electronic audiometry.