施磷对油菜与紫云英间混作系统的生理效应

Influence of phosphate fertilization and inter/mix cropping with milk vetch on rape physiology

在少耕条件下,采用裂区设计研究了油菜与紫云英间混作方式与施磷对油菜生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明:施磷对油菜苗期生长和抗病能力提高有促进作用;油菜地上部干物质积累以油菜与紫云英混作处理增加较多,间作次之,而地下部则相反;油菜叶片数、角果叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均以混作处理最高;油菜单株产量也以混作处理最高,比间作处理增加33.4%,比施磷单作处理增加13.0%;间作与混作处理的油菜产量在可比面积上比油菜单作产量高,其中混作产量最高。因此,少耕时油菜与紫云英混作种植方式最好,既增产又增加有机肥源,提高土壤肥力。

Under minimum tillage condition, influence of phosphate fertilization and inter/mix cropping with milk vetch on rape physiology and yield was studied with split-plot experiment design. The results showed that phosphate fertilization increased rape growth and resistance to disease＇in the seedling stage. The highest accumulation of rape aboveground biomass occurred in the mixcropping system, and the second in the intercropping system. The content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar of rape leaf and pod was the highest in the mix cropping system. Rape seed yield per plant in the mix cropping system was 33.4% and 13.0% higher than that in the intercropping system and the sole cropping system, respectively. Also rape seed yield per area in the mix cropping system was the highest. Our results suggest that mix cropping of rape with milk vetch under minimum tillage not only enhances soil fertility evidenced by the increment of soil organic matter in previous studies, but also increases crop yield and farmer income.