中国受威胁地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of indigenous threatened chicken breeds in China

对我国8个受威胁地方鸡品种(西双版纳斗鸡、高脚鸡、漳州斗鸡、浦东鸡、北京油鸡、静宁鸡、灵昆鸡、吐鲁番鸡)的遗传变异进行了微卫星多态性研究。结果表明:8个受威胁地方鸡品种的杂合度都较高,最高的是吐鲁番鸡(0.6849),最低的是灵昆鸡(0.6168),而且杂合度的高低与多态信息含量(PIC)的大小体现了较高的一致性;通过计算遗传距离DS发现8个品种的遗传距离较远;UPGMA的聚类分析结果与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。这些地方品种的遗传多样性极其丰富,各具特色,应根据各品种受威胁程度进行必要的紧急保护,将其转变为安全遗传资源。

By using microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity of 8 indigenous threatened Chinese chicken breeds i.e. Xishuangbanna Game, Long Footed, Zhangzhou Game, Pudong, Beijing Fatty, Jingning, Lingkun and Turpan was reported in this paper. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity was the highest in Turpan （0. 684 9）, the lowest in Lingkun （0. 616 8）, and all more than 0. 500 0 in other breeds, which reflected the rich diversity. The order of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of the polymorphism information content （PIC）. The genetic distances Ds suggested the longer differentiation. UPGMA tree well reflected their resource, breeding history, differentiation and location. According to their own characteristics and rich diversity, the measures should be taken to turn those threatened resources into safe resources.