动物福利对我国畜禽产品出口的影响及对策

The Influence of Animal welfare upon China's Exports of Livestock and Poultry and Its countermeasure

20世纪80年代以后,随着福利意识的不断加强,贸易与动物福利相结合形成了新的贸易壁垒即动物福利壁垒。动物福利作为贸易壁垒的特征表现在其合理性、合法性、歧视性和隐蔽性上,且成本低、操作容易。动物福利壁垒对我国畜禽产品出口的直接影响是因达不到动物福利质量标准而无法出口;间接影响是增加成本后削弱了市场竞争力。面对动物福利壁垒我国的应对之策应当是:出口企业应改善养殖条件、改变生产及运输方式,提高产品的附加值,创立符合动物福利标准的优秀品牌形象;国家应加快动物福利立法,建立质量检验体系,逐步与国际标准接轨,坚持市场开放,反对新的贸易壁垒;广泛进行科学宣传,培养理性的消费观念;搞好产品出口基地建设,破除发达国家贸易壁垒。

With the continuous heightening of welfare awareness, the integration of trade and animal welfare has formed new trade barrier i,e. animal welfare barrier since 1980s.Animal welfare barrier,as trade barrier,is characterized as rationality, legality, discrimination and concealment, which has low cost and is easily operated. The direct influence of animal welfare barrier upon China＇ s exports of livestock and poultry is to fail to export on account of not reaching a set qualitystandard of animal welfare,and its indirect influence is to weaken competitive power for markets after raising cost. In the face ~ animal welfare barrier,the enterprises manufacturing exports should improve aquiculture conditions,change modes of production and transport,increase extra value of products and found excellent brand images of qualified animal welfare. It is imperative to expedite legslation of animal welfare, establish the quality examining system so as to gradually bring it more in line with international practice and persist in opening up the markets in China to fight against new trade bamier.