大蟾蜍蝌蚪与中国林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的温度效应

Temperature Effect on Development of Tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans and Rana chensinensis

将大蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans)蝌蚪及中国林蛙(Ranachensinensis)蝌蚪分别饲养在5℃、15℃、25℃3个不同的温度条件下,通过定时定量喂食及测量其全长、体长、体宽的变化,分析温度对蝌蚪生长发育的影响。实验结果表明:(1)在5℃下,大蟾蜍蝌蚪的全长和中国林蛙蝌蚪的全长及体长的增长速率最快;在25℃下,大蟾蜍蝌蚪的体长、体宽和中国林蛙蝌蚪的体宽的增长速率最快。(2)在不同温度条件下,大蟾蜍蝌蚪的全长和体长与时间都呈指数关系,而体宽的生长发育与时间呈一种对数增长关系;中国林蛙蝌蚪的全长和体长与时间都呈对数关系,而体宽的生长发育与时间呈一种线形关系,并且相关系数R都在0.75以上。(3)在相同时间内,25℃的温度条件下大蟾蜍蝌蚪和中国林蛙蝌蚪的变态率最高;在5℃的温度条件下,两种蝌蚪都不能完成变态发育过程,温度对大蟾蜍蝌蚪和中国林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育有显著影响,生长发育速度随生长温度的升高而加快。

In order to determine the temperature effect on development of tadpoles of the common giant toad Bufo gargarizans and the Chinese wood frog Rana chensinensis, both species were raised respectively at temperatures 5℃ , 15℃ and 25℃. The body length, the tail length and body width were measured every three days, and the metamorphosis was also recorded simultaneously. The results indicated that the temperature had significant effect on development of the tadpoles, The span of tadpoles of both species and the body length of the Chinese wood frog increased faster at temperature 5℃ than at 15℃ and 25℃, while the body length, body width of the common giant toad and the body width of the Chinese wood frog increased faster at 25℃ than that at the other temperatures, The metamorphosis rate of both species was higher at 25℃ than that at 15℃ , and tadpoles of both species at 5℃ did not complete the metamorphosis.