环境科学钻探取样技术研究

Research on the Sampling Technology of Environmental and Scientific Drilling

为了给环境科学研究提供地下的真实原状样品,研究了具有国际先进水平的射流式取样技术、液压快速压入取样技术以及环保型钻井液。在新疆罗布泊、吐鲁番和北京周口店等地进行钻探实验,实验结果表明:射流式取心技术在采心过程中能有效地减少钻具的振动,防止岩心自磨,提高卡取岩心的可靠性,从而显著地提高岩心的采取率;液压快速压入取样技术适用于松散地层,能快速压入地层,土心采取率高,并且土心样品的原始结构完整、代表性强;环保型钻井液具有优良的综合性能,低滤失性、强抑制性和优良的润滑性,能有效保护孔壁的稳定性和松散岩心的完整性,起到既护壁又护心的作用,同时对环境无污染。

Environmental scientific drilling aims at providing in-situ sample for environmental scientific research. For this purpose, the shooting-type sampling technique with international advanced level, advanced hydraulic piston coring technique using the hydraulic pressure, and the environmental-protection drilling fluid were developed. Further fieldtests which were executed in Lop Nur and Turpan, Xinjiang, and Zhoukoudian, Beijing, indicated that shooting-type sampling technique could effectively reduce the vibration of drilling tool in the process of core drilling, thus could avoid autogenetic grinding of core and improve the reliability of core collection and obviously increase core recovery. It is also revealed that advanced hydraulic piston coring technique is suitable to soil formation with the characteristics of quick indentation, high recovery of soil core, in-situ structure of the core sample preserved and high representativeness, and that environmental-protection drilling fluid has excellent functions of low filtrate loss, strong rejection capability and good lubrication, thus effectively protect the stability of the hole wall and the intactness of the loose core without any environmental pollution.