渗水对龙门石窟的影响及治理分析

Influence of Water Permeation and Analysis of Treatment for the Longmen Grottoes

根据龙门石窟的工程与水文地质条件,结合3个试验洞窟(潜溪寺、皇甫公窟和路洞)的地质病害调查结果,分析了石窟内渗水的形成机理和破坏作用,并重点论述了治理措施。将龙门石窟的破坏作用系统地分为力学作用、化学作用、生物作用3类,认为化学作用对文物的损害最为直接和明显;提出了“堵”与“疏”相结合的治理方案,并进一步将治理方法细分为堵来源、堵出口、外部疏导和内部疏导4种。根据调查结果,指出对于渗水严重的洞窟不宜仅采取堵出口的方法,宜先采取外部封堵、外部疏导和内部疏导等措施,待渗水量明显降低之后再采取内部封堵的办法。

Based on the engineering geological and hydro-geological conditions of the Longmen Grottoes and the results of the environmental geological diseases survey of three test caves （Qianxisi Cave, Huangfugong Cave, Ludong Cave）, the formation mechanism and the harmful effects of the penetrative water inside the caves are analyzed systematically in this paper. The harmful effects are divided into three categories： mechanical effect, chemical effect and biologic effect. The chemical effect is the most direct and apparent negative effect for the protection of the culture relics. It is presented that using two means, plugging and drainage, synthetically to treat water permeation in this paper. The methods are subdivided into four： outside plugging, inside plugging, draining the water from the internal rock mass and draining water from the earth＇s surface. A conclusion is drawn from the results of the investigation that it is not an appropriate treatment for the heavy penetration caves with one method-inside plugging. Cutting off the source and draining the water from the rock should be done firstly and plugging inside the caves should be adopted after the quantity of penetrative water is reduced adequately.