西递、宏村古村落的股份合作制经营模式设计

Applying the Stock Cooperation System to Running the World Heritage Resources in Xidi and Hongcun Ancient Villages

西递、宏村对世界遗产资源的经营模式在全国具有典型性,西递由村办旅游公司,收入按照人口和房屋两种形式分配。家族化管理,经营不规范。宏村是租赁给外来企业经营,市场化运作,标准化管理,但忽视了村民的合法权益,企业和村民矛盾尖锐。股份合作制保留了这两种模式的优点、又克服了缺点,也不是这两种模式的简单相加,而是按照现代企业制度运营,它在股权设置、收益分配、民主管理各方面都有严格的规定。其经营模式的成功,将对我国其它遗产资源的经营提供镜鉴。

World heritage resources, the ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun, represent two kinds of different operational patterns of heritage resources. The patterns that are applied to running both villages are typical in China. Xidi is run by the village tour company and has the characteristics of a township enterprise. The income is distributed according to population and number of houses. The local villagers＇ interests are protected and their consciousness of being owners of the heritage resources is amused as well. But the pattern of family namanagement is apphed to managing ancient villages of Xidi, so the operation is not standard. The local managers＇ low quality does not march the high quahty of the world heritage. What is more, the Party interferes with the administration and the government interferes with the management of world heritage as well. It does not adapt to the socialist market economy, the ancient village of Hongcun is rented to an outside enterprise and managed according to the rule of market. The management is standard, LTD is established, functioning according to the modern enterprise system. The economic efficiency has been improved obviously. But the villagers＇ rights and interests are neglected. The villagers have the ownership of residence houses but they lose the right to benefit from the income. So the conflict between the enterprise and villagers is intensive. In the author＇ s opinion, the stock-cooperation does not mean simply putting two systems together but keeps the advantages of both systems and overcome their disadvantages. It is a kind of modern enterprise system. It has strict rules on stock setting, interest distribution and democratic management. Stock-cooporation also makes the ownership clear, the right and duty fixed and the government and the enterprise differentiated. If the oporation pattern of stock-cooporation is successful, it will set a good example for the operation of other heritage resources in China.