器官移植伦理原则初探

On the Ethic Principles of Organ Transplantation

器官移植的伦理研究是器官移植技术与当代社会文化、生命伦理观念交叉的产物。器官移植伦理研究以器官移植的理性问题为其研究对象,以生命伦理学利益原则、自愿原则、公平原则为理论依据,从人类发展的自身利益出发对器官移植进行理性思考,从哲学的高度,考察器官移植的道德价值;从社会公平与正义出发,讨论人体器官这种稀有资源的收集、分配问题;探讨器官移植实施过程中社会、医疗组织、医务人员的道德责任等。器官移植伦理研究既客观反映社会对器官移植技术使用进行控制的要求,又为这门新的医学技术的发展清除伦理障碍。

The study about organ transplantation is the intercrossing outcome of the following three factors： the organ transplantation technique, the contemporary social culture and the life ethic perception. The rational problems of organ transplantation are the objects of the study about organ transplantation; the principles of life ethic benefit, free will, and fair principles are its theoretic foundation. This paper will give a rational thinking from the benefit of human being＇ s development; review the ethic value of organ transplantation from the point of view of philosophy; discuss the problems of collecting and distributing organs from the view of social justice; discuss the ethic responsibility of society, medical organizations, and medical personnel during the organ transplantation. The study about organ transplantation not only responses the requirement that the society should control the organ transplantation technique, but also delete the ethic obstacles for the new medical technique＇s development.