指令类言外行为英语语用得体性分析

Appropriate English expressions of directives

指令类言外行为指的是说话人在一定的语境中通过讲一句话执行的试图使听话人做某事的行为。根据"做某事"对听话人造成的不同影响,可以将指令类言外行为分为两类:有益于听话人的指令类言外行为和有损于听话人的指令类言外行为。实例分析表明,有损于听话人的指令类言外行为的英语语用得体性主要与三个方面的因素有关:其一,言外行为可能给听话人造成的损失程度;其二,说话人与听话人的亲疏、职业和社会地位关系以及言外行为发生的具体场合等社会因素;其三,英美人的价值观念、传统习惯等文化因素。

Directives, a category of Illocutionary Acts that the Speaker performs in an utterance to get the Hearer to do something, can be classified into two groups, namely, Directives that bring the Hearer benefits and Directives that bring the Hearer cost. An appropriate English expression of the latter turns out to be influenced mainly by such social and cultural factors as the cost that a Directive may bring the Hearer, the occasion on which it occurs, the occupation and social status of the Speaker and the Hearer, the personal relationship between them, and some traditional customs and value systems in English-speaking countries.