摘要
肯吉亚克油田石炭系油藏属特低孔渗、异常高压碳酸盐岩油藏,它除了具有埋深大,非均质性强,油气成藏控制因素复杂等特点外,其上还覆盖巨厚盐丘,造成盐下地震反射时间和振幅畸变严重,地震成像差、信噪比低和分辨率低,给储层预测工作带来极大困难。如何正确预测油藏高产带分布规律是高效开发这类油藏的关键,本文研究从分析形成碳酸盐岩油藏高产带的主控因素入手,通过井震标定,优选反映碳酸盐岩岩相、岩溶、物性和裂缝的地震属性,结合地震、地质、测井、油藏工程和钻井资料,把盐下特低孔渗碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测问题分解成构造解释、岩相预测、岩溶预测、物性预测、裂缝预测和综合评价等六个环节。宏观上,通过建立断裂、岩相、岩溶模式,定性预测储层分布有利区带;微观上,通过多参数储层特征反演和多属性综合分析,定量、半定量预测有利储层分布,有效解决盐下碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测难题,基本搞清本区碳酸盐岩油藏高产带分布规律,为优选有利勘探和开发目标提供依据。文中提出的方法和技术对解决国内外碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测和其他复杂储层预测问题有借鉴作用。
The Carboniferous reservoir in KJ oilfield is a carbonate reservoir with extremely low porosity and permeability and high-pressure. The reservoir has severe heterogeneity, is deeply buried, has complex master control factors, is covered with thick salt, all of which result in the serious distortion of reflection time and amplitudes under the salt, the poor seismic imaging, and the low S/N ratio and resolution. The key to developing this kind of reservoir is to correctly predict the distribution of highly profitable oil zones. In this paper we start by analyzing the master control factors, perform seismic-log calibration, optimize the seismic attributes indicating the lithofacies, karst, petrophysical properties, and fractures, and combine these results with the seismic, geology, log, oil reservoir engineering, and well data. We decompose the seismic prediction into six key areas： structural interpretation, prediction of lithofacies, karst, petrophysical properties, fractures, and then perform an integrated assessment. First, based on building the models of faults and fractures, sedimentary facies, and karst, we predict the distribution of the most favorable reservoir zones qualitatively. Then, using multi-parameter inversion and integrated multi-attribute analysis, we predict the favorable reservoir distribution quantitatively and semi-quantitatively to clarify the distribution of high-yield zones. We finally have a reliable basis for optimal selection of exploration and development targets.
