儿童颌面部创伤683例临床分析

Retrospective analysis of 683 children with facial injuries

目的通过对683例创伤病例的回顾性分析,探讨儿童颌面部创伤的特点。方法对四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔颌面外科颌面部创伤住院病例中15岁以下(含15岁)儿童创伤病例,分7岁和7-15岁两个年龄组进行患者性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、治疗方法等方面的分析研究。结果男460例,女223例,男女之比为2.06∶1;坠落伤(40.7%)、锐器损伤伤(16.4%)、交通事故伤(14.8%)为前3位致伤原因;下颌骨骨折是最常见的骨折(51.7%);并发症以颅脑损伤多见(14.5%);骨折治疗以闭合外固定等保守方式为主。结论男孩比女孩更易遭受颌面部创伤;儿童多因意外坠落致伤;下颌骨骨折最常见。

Objective To determine the causes, incidence and treatments of facial injuries in children. Methods Six hundred and eighty-three patients with facial injuries under 15 years of age treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University were investigated. Data regarding gender, cause of injury, pattern of fracture, associated systemic injury and treatment were reviewed. Results The ratio of male （460） to female（283） was 2.06： 1. The most common cause of injury was falls （40. 7% ） , followed by sharp implement cutting （ 16.4% ） and traffic accident （ 14. 8% ）. The bone fracture was frequently in mandible （51.7%）. Accompanied injuries to brain and skull happened in 99 patients （ 14. 5% ） were more often than the other parts of the body. Conservative therapy such as closed reduction was most commonly used in children fracture treatment. Conclusion Boys tend to be victims of facial injury more than girls. Falls are the first cause of the injuries. The fracture of mandible is the most commonly affected site.