茶卡盐湖水文、水化学及资源开发研究

Hydrology,Hydrochemistry and Exploitation of Resources in Caka Salt Lake

茶卡盐湖为一封闭的内陆湖泊,无出湖的泄水口,主要入湖水量为河水,每年总计入湖河水量为0.557×108m3/a,泉水涌水量为0.0259×108m3/a,主要出湖水量为湖面上蒸发水量,年蒸发量为1.146×108m3/a,其次为人工采盐所耗水量为0.0185×108m3/a。茶卡盐湖卤水中主要盐类为NaCl、MgCl2、MgSO4及KCl,丰水季节卤水中NaCl含量较枯水季节的高,是开采石盐的最佳时期,枯水季节卤水中的钾盐和镁盐含量较丰水季节的高,是开采钾、镁盐的最佳期,枯水季节湖水中KCl含量最高值达2.01%,平均值为1.15%,已达单独开采的品位,可修建盐田,利用盐田日晒,制取钾盐,综合开发盐湖资源经济效益高。

Caka Salt Lake is a closed inland lake with no discharge mouth. The amount of water supply is main- ly occupied by rivers and about 0.557 ×10^8m^3 water flows into the lake every year. Besides, there is also a part of water from precipitation（ about 0. 232 ×10^8m^3/a） and from groundwater（about 0. 1712 ×10^8m^3/a） around sides, from salt karst water through up - permeating （about 0. 147 ×10^8m^3/a）and faxan spring water（0.02.59 ×10^8m^3/a）. As for discharge water of the lake, the amount of evaporation is dominating, which is no less than 1.1146 ×10^8m^3/a. The second water less of the lake is attributable to be depleted by human working for collecting salts. The principal types of salt minerals are NaCl, MgCl2, MgSO4 and KCI in Caka Salt Lake. The content of NaCI mineral is higher in rich water seasons than low water seasons. So the rich water time is the better season to exploit salt mineral. By contrast, the content of potassium and magnesium salts are higher in brines in low water seasons. Therefore, it is favorable to exploit potassium and magnesium salts the in low water time.According to observation,the highest content of KCI can reach 2.01% and the average is about 1.15% in low water time, which meets the absolute exploit grade. We can make use of solar energy to produce salt minerals deposit and then pick up potassium and magnesium salts through building salt brine pan.