论费尔巴哈的感性本体论

On Feuerbach's Perceptible Ontology

费尔巴哈把自己的新哲学称之为“光明正大的感性哲学”。他从人本学的人的学说出发阐述了感性,并把感性规定为精神与物质的统一。感性东西是第一位的实体。人是感性的存在,只有爱才是一个对象在我们头脑之外存在的真正的本体论证明。感性、现实性、真理性是同一的。这样一来,他的感性也就成了一个本体论的概念,人本学哲学也就是感性本体论哲学。他提出“我欲故我在”,主张只有既与感性紧紧相联又同物质手段相联的意志,才能在行动上确证包括人在内的一切感性实体的存在,这就为后人构建理解感性本体论的新视阈提供了可能性。

Feuerbach called his new philosophy the “openhearted perceptible philosophy”. He explained perception from the humanistic perspective, and defined it as the unity of spirit and material. In his theory, perceptible things are the primary substance, human being is the perceptible being, and love is the only ontological proof that there is an object outside our mind. Perception, actuality and truth are the same. In this way, his concept of perception becomes an ontological concept, and his humanistic philosophy is the perceptive ontological philosophy. He presumed “I desire, therefore I am”, claiming that only the will, which is closely related to both perception and material means, could prove in action the being of all perceptible substances, including human beings. This provides the possibility for people to construct and understand the new perspective of perceptible ontology.