广西桂林甑皮岩遗址陶器的科学研究

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON ZEN PI YAN POTTERY IN GUILIN,GUANGXI PROVINCE

甑皮岩遗址为中国华南地区的新石器时代早期遗址,出土了大量的陶器和石器。而在它最早一期距今12,000年左右的文化层中出土了更早期的粘土制品,经过热释光方法的测定,可以确定它未经过250℃以上温度的烧制。应该属于陶器形成过程中的阶段产物,也可以称之为陶器的雏形。这是以往考古发掘中绝无仅有的重大发现,将对研究陶器起源问题提供重要线索。本文除了对这种粘土制品进行科学研究,还研究了其后期陶片化学组成、晶相组成以及烧成温度等属性。甑皮岩陶器的制作原料经过了从随机取土到随机选土,到进行初步处理的阶段。陶片中含有石英、长石、方解石、绢云母等各种矿物颗粒,还含有一定量的炭。陶器的烧成温度一般在800￣840℃之间,均为无窑烧成。

Zen Pi Yan site is an early Neolithic site in south China. Large numbers of potteries and stonewares were excavated from there. The most significative excavations are some clay wares from the earliest cultural stratum which has 12,000 years history. Through thermoluminescence analyse, it can be confirmed that they were not fired at the temperature above 250℃. They should belong to an intergradation during the provenance o1 pottery which can be called “Rudiment of Pottery”. This is a great discovery in archaeological excavation which did not occur before and will provide very important clues for studying the provenance of pottery. Besides the scientific research on these clay wares, the chemical composition, crystal phase composition and firing temperature of the pottery sherds in upper strata are also studied in this paper. The raw material of Zen Pi Yah pottery was firstly used at random, then selected at random, and then simply treated. The sherds contain quartz, feldspar, calcspar and sericite as well as some charcoal. The firing temperature of them are generally between 800-840℃. They were definitely not fired in kiln.