影响二语语用能力发展的因素

The Impacts on L2 Pragatic Development

Ellis认为语言能力是语用能力发展的基础,是语用迁移发生的前提,学习者在交往中因处于不利地位失去了发展语用能力的机会.本文将基于Kasper和Rose以及Kasper所做的语用习得研究综述对Ellis所提出的语用习得理论做出回应.近来的研究结果并不支持Ellis的理论.语用能力、语法能力以及它们的发展与学习生活环境有着复杂的联系.随着语法和语用概念的外延,两者的区分度会越来越模糊,彼此相互作用,但并不是一方为另一方的基础.语言能力对语用迁移有影响,但不是唯一的因素,在某种程度上语言使用者对两种语言的认识起决定作用.任何交往行为都有利于语用能力的发展,关键在于是否能充分利用交往行为.

Ellis maintained： （1） learners cannot construct native-speaker-type discourse unless they possess the linguistic means to do so; （2） learners have to develop a satisfactory level of linguistic competence before transfer of complicated L1 strategies and routines becomes possible; （3） learners cannot share equal social status with the native speakers in interaction, which restricts the range of pragmatic acquisition. Based on the reviews made by Kasper ＆ Rose and Kasper, this essay attempts to show the new findings from the studies don＇ t support all that Ellis stated. The relationship between grammatical competence and pragmatic compe- tence is much more complicated than Ellis supposed. In fact, with the extension of their concepts, their distinction will become vague as they interact with each other. However, they are not the basis for each other. Linguistic competence affects pragmatic transfer, but it is not the only factor. To some extent, what language users think of L1 and L2 determines whether the transfer will happen or not. Any type of interaction is beneficial to the development of pragmatic competence, as long as the interaction is put to use.