论体裁语言研究对辞书编纂的意义

On the Significance of the Study of Stylistic Language to Dictionary Compilation

汉语史的研究在过去的一个世纪里取得了长足的进步,但对以某一体裁为中心的语言研究则往往被人们忽略。体裁语言研究的严重滞后,直接影响了大型语文辞书的编纂,使其在收词、立项、释义、举证等诸多方面出现疏漏。在研究中以敦煌书仪为例,以《汉语大词典》为参照,从词目收载、义项设立、词义解释、书证列举等方面来探讨体裁语言研究对辞书编纂的意义和作用,对解决这一问题可起到一定的作用。

The linguistic research with a focus on some literary style has been neglected in the past century despite the research on the history of Chinese language that has made good progress. The serious lag in the research on stylistic language has directly influenced the compilation of large-sized / unabridged Chinese dictionaries, resulting in omissions in many aspects, such as word collection, entry selection, definition and exemplification. The Dunhuang document has been given full attention in the field of neoteric Chinese study, because of the reliability of its language data. For that, Hanyu Da Cidian （Dictionary of Chinese Language）, the largest one of its kind at present, collected quite a few words from the said document. But all these words are mostly taken from the more colloquial style of speech called bianwen （a form of religious narrative literature widely popular at Buddhist services in the Tang Dynasty and thereafter, with alternate prose and rhymed parts for recitation and singing） and the folk songs. Lexical items from the texts of the “general” style of literature like Shuyi are rarely collected in Hanyu Da Cidian. Even if a few of them have been done, their definitions are mostly incorrect with the illustrative examples being out of date and etymological notes far from adequate. Taking Dunhuang Shuyi as a case study and Hanyu Da Cidian as a reference, this paper discusses the significance and function of the research on stylistic language to the compilation of dictionaries in （ 1 ） word collection, （2） entry selection, （3） definition, and （4） exemplification：（1）A lot of new words from Shuyi, mostly with typical stylistic characteristics and rarely available in any other classics and ignored for long, are to be included in Hanyu Da Cidian after a relevant study. （2）Old words with new meanings, reflecting a change in semantic feature, are to be included for the good of Hanyu Da Cidian. （3）Example sentences from Shuyi, which are adequate enough to illustrate the definition of some of those entry words misinterpreted or interpreted less adequately in Hanyu Da Cidian, are to be included, since accurate defining marks the quality of dictionaries like Hanyu Da Cidian, which contains a number of errors and inadequacy in semantic and critical interpretation, due to a variety of reason. （4）Exemplification in large-sized / unabridged Chinese dictionaries is somewhat out of date or less abundant enough. The author＇s related finding in Shuyi can prove that the first exemplification of 262 words or so in Hanyu Da Cidian, which are corresponding to those in Dunhuang Shuyi, is later than in the latter. The exemplification in Shuyi can antedate that in Hanyu Da Cidian or add what are missing in it.