1Bmmage PR, Mechanism of action of extradural analgesia[J], Br J Anaesth, 1975,47(2) : 199 - 211.
2Laveaux MM, Hasenbos MAWM, Harbers JBM, et al,Thoracic epidural bupivacaine plus sufentanil: high concentration/low volume versus low concentration/high volume[J]. Reg Anesth, 1993,18( 1 ) :39 - 43.
3Duggan J, Bowler GMR, McClure JH, et al, Extradural block with bupivacaine:influence of dose, volume, concentration and patient characteristics[J]. Br J Anaesth, 1988,61 (4) :324 - 331.
4Mogensen T, Scott NB, Hjortso NC, et al.The influence of volume and concentration of bupivacaine on regression of analgesia during continuous post-operative epidural infusion[J]. Reg Anesth, 1988,13(2) : 122 - 125.
5Boogaerts JG, Vanacker E, Seidel L, et al, Assessment of postoperative nausea using a visual analogue scale [ J ]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , 2000, 44(5) : 470 - 474.
6Dahl J, Rosenberg J, Hansen B, et al. Differential analgesic effects of low-dose pidural morphine and morphine-bupivacaine at rest and during mobilization after major abdominal surgery[J]. Anesth Analg, 1992,74(4) :362-365.
5Walker BJ,Neal JM,Mulroy MF.Lidocaine pretreatmentwith tourniquet versus lidocaine-propofol admixture for at-tenuating propofol injection pain:a randomized conttolledtrial[J].Reg Anesth Pain Med,2011,36(1):41-45.
6KayaM,OztürkI,Tuncel G,et al.Acomparison of low dosehyperbariclevobupivacaine and hypobaric levobupivacaine in unilateral spinalanaesthesia[J].AnaesthIntensiveCare,2010,38 (6):1 002-1 007.
8Maria C Paraschivescu,Earl G.Alley,William T.French,et al.Determination of methanol in biodiesel by headspace solid phase microextraction[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,(99):5 901-5 905.
9TOLEDO P,MCCARTHY RJ,EBARVIA MJ,et al.The interaction between epidural 2-chloro-procaine and morphine:arandomized controlled trial of the effect of drug administrationtiming on the efficacy of morphine analgesia[J].Anesth Analg,2009,109(1):168-173.
10Standl T,Burmeister MA,Ohnesorge H,et al.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia reduces analgesic requirements compared to continuous epidural infusion after major abdominal surgery[J].Can J Anaesth,2003,50:258-264.
