小麦转基因研究现状及展望

Research and Prospects of Transgenic Wheat

自二十世纪八十年代开始研究转基因植物以来,小麦作为世界主要粮食来源,其转基因遗传改良受到科学家的广泛关注。目前国内外已有近200例外源基因,主要是抗除草剂类基因、抗病虫基因、品质基因、抗旱耐盐等抗逆基因、雄性不育类基因等,通过基因枪法、农杆菌介导法、花粉管通道法等技术转入小麦的报道。从转单基因到进行多基因组装,从改良各种生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的抗逆性,到改良品质、高产等生理和农艺性状,是未来转基因小麦的研究方向。本文就近二十几年来转基因小麦研究进展及存在问题进行了全面系统的综述和探讨。

Wheat is the main source of world foodstuff, so improving wheat by transgenic has been paid more attention since 1980s when the study the transgenic plants began. There had almost two hundred reports about transgenic wheat by now. Herbicide resistant genes, disease and insect resistance genes, quality genes, drought and salt resistance genes, and male sterile genes had been transferred into wheat by particle bombardment, agrobacterium tumefaciens, and pollen tube pathway. In the future, the trend of transgenic wheat is front transfer single gene to polygene installed, and from improving on bio-stress and abio-stress traits to physiological and agricultural traits, especially in quality and high yield traits. This review summarized different efforts in the direction of achieving genetic transformation of wheat by various methods in recent years, here also discusses the several key problems in transformation techniques.