“圣战”与“受抚”的困惑──反清首领马占鳌的评价问题

The Conflict between "Holy War" and "Accepting Amnesty"──On Evaluation of Ma Zhan'ao,a Leader of Opposing the Qing Dynasty

西北回族军阀集团是对来自河州马姓回族三大家族的军阀的总称,三大家族分别立足甘、宁、青,各系之间泾渭分明。马占鳌是诸马军阀的奠基人,也是“甘马”的缔造者,因为他在大胜左宗棠的情况下率领回民起义队伍接受清政府的“招抚”,以至于成为史家笔下半个多世纪以来最有争议的人物之一。

Warlords Bloc of Hui Nationality in northwest China is the general reference to the landlords of three big clans with the family name of Ma in Hezhou. The three clans were in entrenched in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai respectively. Ma Zhan＇ao is the founder of the landlords with the family name of Ma. Because he led the rising-up troop to pledge loyalty to the Qing government after he defeated Zuo Zor^gtong, he became the most controversial character.