中国境内东北红豆杉天然群体紫杉醇含量变异规律

Variation regularity of taxol content in natural populations of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. in China.

利用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)检测了中国境内东北红豆杉天然群体和同一群体内不同单株的紫杉醇含量,以及不同树龄或不同季节的紫杉醇含量变化.结果表明,不同群体之间紫杉醇含量存在显著差异,群体间差异高达2.7倍;群体内个体间紫杉醇含量的变异与群体间相当,同一群体(汪清)内不同单株之间紫杉醇含量差异高达4.3倍.说明紫杉醇含量变异来自于群体间和群体内,其变异组成是群体间为84.6%,个体间为15.0%,并且东北红豆杉紫杉醇含量的广义遗传力(H2)为82%.因此,群体选择或单株选择可望获得较大的遗传增益.同时,紫杉醇含量随着树龄的增大而升高;在生长旺季植株内紫杉醇含量较低,进入休眠期含量较高.紫杉醇含量与生长量、积温、无霜期、降雨呈负相关(-0.6468、-0.4796、-0.2405、-0.1192),与针叶长度显著正相关(0.7177),与经度和纬度正相关(0.2778和0.3321).随着纬度升高,生长量降低,紫杉醇含量呈现增加的趋势.

Taxol contents in plants among different natural populations and single-plants within the same population of Taxus cuspidata in northeast China were examined by means of HPLC. The results are as follows： there is a significant difference in taxol content in plants among different populations, single plants within the same population, and trees at different ages and in different seasons. Taxol content in Daxinggou population is 40.97μg/g which is 2.7 fold as high as that of Helong population. There also exists significant difference in taxol content among plants in a population. The highest taxol content in a plant of Wangqing population is 47.9μg/ g, which is 4.3 times that of the lowest one, indicating that the variance of taxol content results from inside or among populations. The variance of taxol content among populations is 84.6 %, and that of among individuals is 15.0%. The broad heritability （H^2） of taxol content is 82% . It is possible to get higher genetic gain of taxol if selecting stand or single-plant. The older the tree, the more taxol in plant. Taxol content in a plant is lower in growing seasons and higher in dormant seasons. There is a negative correlation between taxol content in plants and the growth, accumulated temperature, frostless period and amount of rainfall （- 0. 646 8, - 0.479 6, - 0.240 5 and - 0.119 2）, and a positive one between taxol content in plants and needle length of branches, longitude and latitude （0.717 7, 0.277 8 and 0.332 1）, The higher the latitude, the higher taxol content and the slower growth,