装修后居室空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染现状

Study on the Indoor Air Levels of Indoor Formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compounds After Decoration

目的了解目前室内装修后空气中挥发性有机物(TVOC)污染水平、特征、原因和所致健康效应。方法于2003年6-9月在上海市徐汇区选取23户新装修居民住宅,分为有家具和无家具2组,另外选9户为对照组,进行室内空气中甲醛和TVOC浓度监测,同时进行居民主观症状问卷调查。结果新装修后有家具住宅空气中甲醛超标率为47.1%,最大超标5.56倍;TVOC超标率为76.5%,最大超标4.03倍;新装修后无家具住宅空气中甲醛无超标,TVOC超标率为100%。装修后空气中甲醛和TVOC浓度均以储藏室最高,其中甲醛浓度分别是客厅和卧室的7.2倍和3.6倍。装修后3个月后甲醛和TVOC浓度都大大降低,其中TVOC超标率从最初的76%下降到0%。主观症状中仅异嗅发生率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论本研究发现目前装修所致TVOC污染水平有所下降,但装修后室内甲醛污染仍比较严重和普遍,污染原因主要在于不合格板材的使用。居民在入住新装修住房后眼睛和上呼吸道刺激症状发生率增加。

Objective To study the pollution levels,characteristics,causes and related adverse effects of indoor volatile organic compounds（VOCs） on human health after decoration. Methods The concentration of indoor air formaldehyde and TVOC were detected, meanwhile the adverse health effects were investigated by questionnaires. Result The results showed that the houses in which formaldehyde concentration exceeded the national indoor air quality standard occupied 47.1%, and three months later, the rate still was 40%, the highest level was 6.56 times of the standard. While the rate of exceed the national standard of TVOC was 76% within one month and 0% three months later respectively. As far as the concerned subjective syndromes, only the complaint of disgusted smell was significantly different between those who lived in newly decorated rooms and those who lived in the houses which taken as the control. Conclusion Now the pollution level of VOCs caused by decoration is some lower than before,but the pollution of formaldehyde was still pervasive and serious. The causes of pollution lay in artificial board materials used for furniture and decoration. Moreover, the complaints of the discomfort of eyes and upper respiratory tract will increase as people moved in the newly decorated rooms.