现代汉语“吗”问句的信息结构与功能类型

The Information Structures and Function Typesof 'ma'-questions in Mandarin

文章以“吗”问句为研究对象,探讨了以下几个问题:1.根据“吗”字的历时演变过程析离出了现代汉语“吗”问句的三种功能类型:询问求知句、猜度求证句和反诘质疑句;2.运用传息语法的有关理论分别考察了影响“吗”问句功能类型的几种信息结构;3.运用信息结构的分析方法对某些同形异义的“吗”问句进行了析离;4.在余论中,还提到了其他影响“吗”问句功能类型的因素。通过以上的分析,文章试图说明信息结构是制约人们理解问句功能类型的主要因素之一。

By investigating ‘ma＇-questions in mandarin, this paper discusses some important issues as follows： 1. Three function types of ‘ma＇-questions （inquiry, surmise and query） are distinguished on a basis of researching historical evolvement of ‘ma＇ ; 2. The paper investigates the information structures which affect function types of ‘ma＇ with the theory of informationtransmitting-grammar; 3. Some homograph ‘ma＇-questions are distinguished by the way of information structure analysis; 4. Other factors, which affect function types of ‘ma＇, are mentioned on the last part of this paper. In conclusion, this paper explains a fact that the information structure is the most important factor to understand the function type of questions.