干旱、盐胁迫下的植物水势研究与进展

Research Advances on Plant Water Potential under Drought and Salt Stress

近几十年来,国内外许多学者潜心研究植物水势,在植物水势概念的提出与发展、不同植物水势的日、年变化特征及其与环境因子的关系、植物叶、茎等不同部位水势对干旱胁迫的变化以及对不同土壤盐分或自身不同含盐量的反映等方面,已经取得了非常显著的成果,积累了许多宝贵的经验。然而,该研究领域仍存在许多的漏洞与不足。笔者从研究对象、目标及内容等方面针对性地提出了今后应加强研究的方向。主要体现在,基于西部干旱区干旱缺水、风沙大、土壤盐碱度高的环境特点,可以借助于研究干旱区植物水势的特点,来揭示植物的抗旱和抗盐特性,创新之余也弥补了以往研究的不足。

Water potential is one of the most direct indexes in denoting plant moisture condition. In the recent several decades, many domestic and overseas scholars are having researched plant water potential with great concentration. Thereinto, overseas scholars mostly fastened on studying the change of water potential in leaves and stems under drought stress after accepting different treatments, and on discussing the impact of the different amount of salt content in plant or fertilization to the water potential of leaves and stems. In addition, many scholars also especially attached importance to whether the predawn leaf water potential could effectively reflect the soil moisture condition or not. Comparing with overseas scholars, domestic scholars even more emphasized particularly on the basic research about plant water potential. A lot of articles all expatiated on the character of the daily variation of plant leaf water potential and the relation with environment genes. Nevertheless, it is lack of research on the character of plant water potential under salt stress. After understanding the research actuality on plant water potential, we pertinently put forward the existent problems at present and research prospect： based on the environmental characters of arid climate, lacking water, severe sand blowing and high soil salt-alkalinity in the arid zone of West China, we may open out the plants speciality in fighting drought and salt in virtue of studying the plant water potential in arid zone.