大型海藻栽培及其在近海环境的生态作用

Seaweed cultivation and its ecological roles in coastal waters

作为重要自然资源的大型海藻可食用、作为饲料、工业原料和有机肥料,是具有较高价值的商品。因此,世界上许多国家都在大力发展大型海藻栽培业。当前,近海水域营养超负荷是世界上普遍存在的环境问题。一些栽培的大型海藻,生产力很高,在生长过程中可大量吸收N、P营养物质,是海洋环境中重要的生物过滤器。此外,大型海藻在碳循环研究、赤潮控制和维持健康的复合养殖系统方面也有很重要的作用,是非常重要的生态环境材料。为保障近海水安全和生态系统健康,大规模栽培大型海藻是重要的生态对策。

Seaweeds are important nature resources. They could be widely used as food, fodder and raw material of chemical products and organic fertilizer. Seaweed cultivation industry has developed in many countries in the world. Nutrient loading is a widespread phenomenon in many coastal areas. Some of the cultivated seaweeds have very high rates of productivity and grow well in waters with high nutrient concentrations. They are able to absorb large quantities of N and P. Seaweed biofilter was found to he very useful with respect to decreasing N and P nutrient loading, studying on carbon cycle, controlling the red tide and maintaining the health integrated mariculture system. Seaweeds are very important ecomaterials. Authors believe that large-scale seaweed cultivation is one of the effective ecological strategies to maintain the safe water quality conditions and health ecosystem in the coastal environment.