小定鞭藻毒素的分离与鉴定

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXINS FROM THE PHYTOFLAGELLATE PRYMNESIUM PARVUM

从大量死鱼的鱼池中收集分离出小定鞭藻Ｐｒｙｍｎｅｓｉｕｍｐｏｒｖｕｍ的毒株，并在实验室成功地进行了单种培养，当温度２３℃，光照６００－８００ｌｘ盐度约１２—１６‰左右时，该藻在海水及人工海水培养基中均生长良好，在对数生长末期到平衡期溶血毒素活性最高。从藻细胞及浓缩的培养液中提取出二种毒素：溶血毒素（Ｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｔｏｘｉｎｓ）和鱼毒素（Ｉｃｈｔｈｙｏｔｏｘｉｎｓ）。用新鲜牛血球测定了溶血毒素活性；用孔雀鱼测定了鱼毒素活性。用部分纯化的溶血毒素经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振及ＦＡＢ质谱测定，结果显示该藻溶血毒素可能是一个糖脂。

Toxic strains of Prymnesium parvum were isolated from fish ponds with blooms of a toxigenic flagellate P. parvum and high fish mortality. The pure culture was successfully achieved in laboratory. Culture of P. parvum grew well in medium of artificial sea water medium (Salinity, 12-16‰) and natural sea water at 23t and 600-800 lx illumination. Haemolytic activity appeared during the stationary phase of the exponential growth phase and maximized at the latter stationary phase. Two kinds of toxins, i. e. hemolysin and ichthyotoxin were extracted from Prymnesium cells as well as from extracellular medium. The activity of P. parvum haemolysin and ichthyotoxin was detected respectively using bovine erythrocytes and Poecila reticulala. The dependence of P. parvum ichthyotoxin on various co-factors was also studied. The major component of a homolysin was identified being a glycolipid.