清末政治制度的转型

On the Transformation of Political System at the End of Qing Dynasty

鸦片战争以后,西方列强的侵略不仅使满清王朝颜面扫地,也动摇了中国传统政治制度的威信,打乱了它固有的发展轨迹。在外来政治制度的影响下,中国传统政治制度开始了向现代转型。这一转型大致经历了三个阶段即洋务运动时期传统政治制度的动摇、戊戌变法时期西方政治制度的宣传、清末新政时期新式政治制度的起步三个阶段。尽管这一转型才刚刚开始,取得的成效也极为有限,但对其后中国政治制度的现代化却产生了极为重要的影响。

Since the Opium War, the aggression of the western countries which made the Qing Dynasty shameful wavered the prestige of Chinese traditional polity- system and upset its intrinsic trend of development. With the influence of western political system, Chinese traditional political system has been modernized progressively. This change has three phases ： waver of the traditional political system at the westernization drive time; the propaganda of western political system at the Reform Movement of 1898 time; the start of new political system at the last reign of the Qing Dynasty. Although the change just started and its achievement was little, the influence to the modernization of Chinese politics is greatly significant.