试论《红楼梦》对《西厢记》《牡丹亭》女性意识的继承和发展

Inheritance and Development of Feminist Idea about Three Literatures

中国古代的许多小说、戏曲不同程度地体现出了以尊重女性、追求女性独立和婚恋自由为主要内容的女性意识。《红楼梦》作为中国古典文学的一座丰碑,不仅很好地承续了《西厢记》《牡丹亭》所体现的较先进的女性意识,而且达到了中国古代文学女性意识表现的最高峰。这三部作品所体现的女性意识,主要是通过女主人公的形象塑造完成的。崔莺莺重爱情轻功名,体现了女性意识的初步觉醒;杜丽娘为情而死、为情复生,体现了女性意识的进一步张扬。林黛玉蔑视功名利禄,要求独立自由,看似柔弱,实则坚韧,其女性意识是对崔莺莺、杜丽娘的继承和超越。

The trilogy of A Tale of the West Chamber, The Pavilion of Peony and A Dream of Red Mansions has revealed Feminist Idea, especially so in A Dream of Red Mansions. Such consciousness, inherited from A Tale of the West Chamber, The Pavilion of Peony, was further developed, thus making the three classical pieces the best known women＇s trilogy about the ladies＇ inner chambers. Also, the heroin of A Dream of Red Mansions, Lin Dai Yu, from the women＇s consciousness point of view, not only inherited but transcended the literary imageries of the heroines configured by Cui Yin Yin in A Tale of the West Chamber and Du Li Niang in The Pavilion of Peony.