云南石林公园不同生境蚂蚁多样性研究

Ant biodiversity in different habitats in Shilin Park,Yunnan Province

2003年5月下旬(雨季初期)和9月下旬(雨季后期),选择云南石林公园地带性植被滇青冈(Cyclobalanopsisglaucoides)林(原始林)、次生林、灌丛、草地、云南松(Pinusyunnanensis)林5种生境,采用陷阱诱捕法采集蚂蚁,共获蚂蚁8775头,隶属4亚科16属26种。优势种为阿诗玛无刺蚁(Kartidrisashima)、布立毛蚁(Pseudolasiusbournica)和重庆弓背蚁(Campontuschongqingensis)。两个季节蚂蚁多样性指数均以原始林最低,灌丛和松林最高。各生境蚂蚁群落相似性低,相似性系数在0–0.2609之间。结果显示,蚂蚁的多样性受多种环境因子影响;与地带性植被相比,蚂蚁群落在人为干扰的各种生境中已发生较大的变化。

During May （beginning of rainy season） and September （late rainy season） of 2003, we collected ants by trapping in five karst habitats in Shilin Park, Yunnan： Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest representing the original subtropical karst plateau monsoon zonal vegetation, secondary forest, brush, grassland, and Pinus yunnanensis forest representing the secondary-succession karst vegetation. The community composition and diversity of ants, and community similarity were studied, and cluster analysis was conducted. All 8775 ants from the five habitats were grouped into 4 subfamilies, 16 genera and 26 species. The dominant species are Kartidris ashima, Pseudolasius bournica, and Campontus chongqingensis. The lowest diversity index was found in the Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest, and the highest in brush and the Pinus yunnanensis forest. The similarity index of all communities fell between 0-0.2609. The results showed that ant diversity was affected by environmental factors, and significant differences occurred among ant communities in secondary habitats in karst zonal vegetation created by human disturbance.