桃雌能花品种人工辅助授粉方法的研究

Studies on the methods of artificial pollination for pistillate flower peach cultivars

研究了2种人工辅助授粉方式对桃(Prunuspersica)雌能花品种结实率的影响。结果表明:(1)人工喷雾授粉和人工点授均能显著提高桃雌能花品种的结实率,2者差异不显著;(2)人工喷雾授粉时以花粉、蔗糖、蒸馏水的质量比为1∶37.5∶250结实率最高,可达38.39%;(3)人工喷雾授粉时满足产量要求结实率的花粉、蔗糖、蒸馏水最佳质量比为1∶75∶500,盛果期大树进行人工辅助授粉时,采1000个花蕾的花粉可喷洒18株树。

Two hand-pollinated ways, spraying and dotting, were used for studying the effects on the fruit sets of two pistillate flower cultivars, Sunago Wase and Yunong-6. The results indicated that the two artificial pollinating ways could improve fruit set obviously, but it was not significant between spraying and dotting way. Spraying the solution made by pollen ＋ sucrose ＋ distilled water （1：37.5：250） could get the greatest fruit set rate （38.39 %）, and meet the need for marketable yield. The optimal proportion should be 1：75：500. In addition, the pollen quantity in one flower was studied and pollen collected from 1 000 buds could pollinate 18 full flowering trees by spraying.