宁夏回、汉族11项人类学特征的调查

An Investigation of 11 Genetic Morphological Traits in Hui Minority and Han Population in Ningxia

目的探讨宁夏回、汉族11项遗传形态特征的分布特点。方法采用学术界公认的调查方法和判断标准对376例宁夏回族和297例汉族的11项形态特征进行了调查。结果与结论宁夏回、汉族8项形态特征的出现率分别为长形指甲形状(回族58.78%,汉族47.82%)、小指弯曲(回族23.67%,汉族24.58%)、耳垂(回族79.52%,汉族57.58%)、双眼睑(回族71.81%,汉族72.05%)、蒙古褶(回族61.44%,汉族73.06%)、鼻尖钩(回族17.02%,汉族10.44%)、宽鼻孔(回族35.10%,汉族54.21%)、前额发际V字形(回族27.93%,汉族36.03%),这些性状在回、汉族群体间、同一群体不同性别间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);达尔文节(回族61.44%,汉族73.06%)、凸鼻梁(回族27.93%,汉族31.33%),在回、汉族群体间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在汉族群体男女性别间有显著差异(P<0.05);直型发式的分布(回族78.19%,汉族84.18%)不仅存在民族间差异还在回族群体中存在性别间差异(P<0.05)。

Objective To investigate the distribution of eleven genetic morphological traits. Methods Established method and criterion were used in the investigation among 376 Hui minority and 297 Han people in Ningxia autonomy region. Eleven morphological characters were studied. Results and conclusions The results shown as follows： the frequencies of long nail in Hui vs Han is 58.78 % vs 47.82 %, bend little finger is 23.67 % vs. 24.58 %, ear lobe present is 79.52% vs 57.58%, double fold eyelid is 71.81 vs 72.05%, Mongoloid fold is 61.44% vs 73.06%, aquiline nose tip is 17.02% vs 10.44%, wide nostril is 35.10%vs 54.21%, and V shaped forehead hair- edge point is 27.93 % vs 36.03 %. For those traits, there are no significant difference between Hui and Han, and between male and female in the same group（ P 〉 0.05）, respectively. The frequencies of Darwin knot in Hui vs Han is 61.44% vs 73.06%, aquiline nasal profile is 27.93% vs 31.33%. There is no significant difference between Hui and Hart （ P 〉 0.05）, but there are significant differences between female and male in Hart group（ P 〈 0.05）. The significant difference was shown between Hui and Hart group, and between female and male in Hui on the trait of straight hair （ P 〈 0.05）, which frequency in Hui vs Han is 78.19% vs 84.18%.