亲本类型对提型恢复系选育效率的影响

EFFECTS OF PARENTAGE ON THE BREEDING EFFICIENCY OF MALE FERTILITY RESTORER LINES WITH T.timopheevi CYTOPLASM

通过分析１９９０～１９９４年Ｒ×Ｒ、Ｒ×Ｂ和Ａ×Ｒ型恢复系的产量表现及各类恢复系对条锈病的抗性反应和它们在恢复力、配合力上的异同，从亲本选配角度对提型恢复系的选育策略进行了探讨。试验结果表明，在Ｆ４、Ｆ５、Ｆ６代，Ｒ×Ｒ型恢复系的恢复力明显高于Ｒ×Ｂ和Ａ×Ｒ型；到了Ｆ７代，来自不同亲本类型的恢复系的恢复力不再有明显的差异。随着恢复系整体水平的提高，Ｒ×Ｒ型后代中也能选育出产量潜力较高的恢复系，但多数高产恢复系都是Ｒ×Ｂ或Ａ×Ｒ的后代。恢复系产量相近时，Ｒ×Ｒ型恢复系的一般配合力低于其它两种类型。１９９１年条锈病优势小种发生变化后，Ｒ×Ｂ或Ａ×Ｒ的后代中有２１％～２２％的组合高抗条锈，而Ｒ×Ｒ的后代中抗病组合仅占１６％。这些结果说明，广泛应用小麦常规新品系是加快提型恢复系遗传改良进度和扩大其遗传基础的有效途径。

Experiments were carried out from 1990 to 1994 to study the breeding strategy of R-lines with T.timopheevi cytoplasm by analysing the changes and differences in the yield potential,yellow rust resistance,male fertility restorer capacity(MFRC)and general combining ability(GCA)among 3 kinds of R-lines coming from R×R,R×B and A×R.It was found that the MFRC of R-lines from R ×R was apparently higher than that of R-lines from R×B and A×R at F4,F5 and F6.But there was no difference any more in this trait among different kinds of R-lines at F7.Although some R-lines with high yield Potential were selected from the cross of R×R with the improvement of total level of R-lines as parents,most of them were the offsprings of R×B or A×R.When yield potential of R-lines was similar,the R-lines from R×R displayed lower GCA than other two kinds of R-lines.About 21-22% combinations in the offsprings of R×B or A×R maintained good resistance to yellow rust in 1991 when the physiological races changed.But only 16% combinations from R×R kept good resistance in that year.These results showed that introducing new traditional wheat lines as soon as possible in the R-line breeding program was a efficient method to expedite their improving procedure and extend their genetic background.