台湾省甘蔗品种的变迁

VARIETAL EVOLUTION OF SUGARCANE IN TAIWAN

台湾省甘蔗育种的历史悠久，成绩显著。首先是引种，先后引进２７个国家和地区的品种，其中以ＮＣＯ３１０为最好，贡献最大。１９２０年开始甘蔗杂交育种，到１９７９年先后育成台糖品种（Ｆ）１７８个。由１９７９年起台湾将新育成的品种改为新台糖品种（ＲＯＣ）称号，到１９９５年共１６年，先后育成命名为新台糖的品种２１个。目前的老台糖品种基本上被新台糖品种所代替。１９９５年台湾推广商业品种１８个，其中，老台糖品种只有４个，其余１４个都是新台糖品种，种植面积共占全省种蔗面积９５．０４％。其中以新台糖１０为最好，推广面积约占全省种蔗面积的一半。其次为新台糖１６，占１６．３％，它的遗传异质性较大，很有生产潜力。

The history of sugarcane varietal improvement in Taiwan is very long.Taiwan has begun to carry out sugarcane sexual hybridization breeding since 1920 and released 199 nominated varieties,among which 178 were the 'F' old varieties and 21 the 'ROC' new varieties.Within the old varieties F146 and F160 were the best,but now they were replaced by the new varieties.In 1995,18 commercial varieties were extended in Taiwan,among which 4 were the old ones,all the others were the new ones.At present ROC 10 is the leading variety occupying nearly half the total sugarcane acreage of Taiwan.