松果体切除小鼠脊柱侧弯动物模型的建立及意义

PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL SCOLIOSIS IN RATS AFTER PINEALECTOMY

①目的通过切除双足鼠和四足鼠的松果体制作脊柱侧弯模型,探讨哺乳动物松果体切除是否和小鸡一样有同样的作用,以及双足行走的条件对脊柱侧弯的发生是否有重要作用.②方法同时期出生后刚断乳的小白鼠45只,分成3组:对照组15只,其中包括正常对照组5只;非松果体切除双足鼠组5只:即单纯制作双足鼠,而不行松果体切除术;假手术组5只:即5只双足鼠除不切除松果体外其他与松果体切除术完全一致.双足鼠松果体切除组20只:即20只双足鼠行松果体切除术.四足鼠松果体切除组10只:即10只正常鼠行松果体切除术.术后3月摄脊柱X线片,观察所有小鼠脊柱的改变,测量并记录脊柱侧弯的发生情况.③结果双足鼠完全能够直立行走,饮食生活均无困难;对照组小鼠与松果体切除四足鼠均无脊柱侧弯发生,所有的松果体切除的双足鼠均发生了脊柱侧弯,其较长的胸椎侧弯畸形,特别是椎体旋转和剃刀背与人类特发性脊柱侧弯非常相似.松果体切除双足鼠脊柱侧弯15°～55°(Cobb角),侧弯方向左右没有显著性差异;无小鼠发生肢体瘫痪或行走困难,生长与正常对照鼠相同.④结论对于四足行走动物单纯松果体切除不能产生脊柱侧弯;双足行走的条件在脊柱侧弯的发生发展中可能起重要作用;姿势因素对脊柱侧弯的发生至关重要.

Objective To discover whether pinealectomy had the same effect in mammals as shown in the chicken, and to determine whether the bipedal condition is important in the development of scoliosis. Methods A total of 45 rats were divided into three groups： control group, 15 rats, which consisted of normal controls （five rats）; non-pinealectomy （five bipedal rats）; sham operation （five bipedal rats）; bipedal-rat pinealectomy group; a pinealectomy was performed in 20 bipedal rats; quadrupedalrat pinealectomy group： a pinealectomy was performed in 10 quadrupedal rats. A spinal X-ray was taken three months after operation and the degree of scoliosis measured. Results The bipedal rats could walk erectly, without any difficulties in eating and drinking. No scoliosis was found in the controls and quadrupedal-rat pinealectomy group. The scoliosis developed in all the rats in bipedal-rat pinealectomy group, the longer scoliosis of thoracic vertebra, rotation and razor back deformity in particular, very similar to human essential scoliosis. The Cobb angle ranged from 15° to 55°. No extremity paralysis or difficulty in walking or running was noted. Growth appeared to be normal. Conclusion Pinealectomy alone does not produce scoliosis in quadruped. Walking with both legs plays an important role in the development of scoliosis. The findings of this study suggest that posture is a key factor in the development of scoliosis.