英美合同法中的信息揭示义务理论研究——兼谈合理预见规则

The Theory of Duty to Reveal Information in Anglo-American Contract Law——On the Rule of Reasonable Foreseeability

我们审理合同案件在很大程度上就是一个解释合同的过程,近年来英美合同法学者提出的信息揭示义务规则作为一种合同解释方法,对违约损害赔偿制度产生了重大的影响。我们发现这一规则要比“多数人所期望”规则能够更有效率地解释合同漏洞,同时我国《合同法》第113条规定的合理预见规则就是一种信息揭示义务规则,这一规定既体现了效率精神,也符合公平理念。近年来学者们对信息揭示义务规则也展开了批判,为了正确适用这一规则,我们必须把握相关理念。

That we judge contractual cases is, to a large extent, one course of interpreting contracts, and in recent years, as a rule of contractual interpretation, the rule of duty to reveal information established by scholars of Anglo-American Contract Law has a great impact on the system of contractual compensation. We find that such a rule can interpret contractual gaps more efficiently than the rule “what most would have wanted”, and that the rule of reasonable foreseeability, which Article of 113 our contract law prescribes, is really one rule of duty to reveal information, which not only embodies the efficiency spirit but also tallies with the idea of equity. These years, scholars have criticized the rule of duty to reveal information, and indeed in order to apply the rule correctly, we should grasp some relevant ideas.