魏晋南北朝时期的山东移民与文化变迁

Shandong Emigration and Cultural Changes during the Period of the Wei-Jin And Southern-Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期的山东地区成为当时移民大潮最主要的发源地之一。山东地区人口的大规模迁出和迁入,不仅对山东区域的政治、经济和军事形势产生了重大影响,而且引发了当地文化风貌的重大变迁。其中最显著的影响表现在儒、释、道三教的发展流变及其地位的升降变迁上。主要表现在三个方面:(一)山东地区文化世家的外迁和佛教的冲击引发儒学传统的衰落。(二)山东地区文化世家的外迁和北方人口(尤其是少数民族人口)的迁入及少数民族政权的统治促进了佛教在山东地区的蓬勃发展。(三)山东地区文化世家的外迁和佛教的兴起,使道教的发展较之佛教的发展相形见绌。

Shandong area had become one of the main mass emigration birthplaces during the Period of the Wei - Jin and Southern - Northern Dynasties. The fact that a large number of people had moved out of, and at the same time had moved into, this area at that time, has not only exerted great influences on the political, economic and military situation of the area, but has also caused great changes of the style and features of the native culture. Among them the most remarkable influences are displayed on the development and changes of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the rise or fall of their respective position. Its cultural changes fall under the following three major aspects： （ 1 ） the out - moving of aristocratic families of cultural tradition and the impact of Buddhism has brought about the decline of Confucianist tradition. （2） This out - moving and the in - moving of northern people （especially that of the national minorities） and the ride of national minority regimes have promoted flourishing development of Buddhism in the area. （3） This out - moving and the rise of Buddhism have overshadowed the development Taoism.