我国贫富差距的形成原因及其与分配原则的关系

The Canses of Difference between the Rich and the Poor and the Principle of Distribution

我国贫富差距形成的主要原因是:一方面,存在历史遗留以及政策失误而形成的以农村为主的数量极大、且难以短期脱困的贫困人口;另一方面,存在大量由体制外、特别是法制外获得收入而形成的最富裕阶层,从而极大地提高了基尼系数。阐明了市场经济体制下的分配原则只能是按生产要素分配,该原则在我国当前远未充分实现,因此,也不是形成贫富差距过大的主要原因。分配的公平性不是市场、而是政府所应考虑的问题,政府应通过增加改善基本民生的资金,通过财政转移支付制度、税收制度等途径在再分配领域中进行调节,其重要前提则是政府职能的转换,树立以人为本的服务职能。

One of the chief causes of difference between the rich and the poor in our country is that there is a large amount of poverty-striken population in the rural area who can not get rid of poverty within short time, which has been formed because of historical tradition and the wrong rural policies. The other cause is the richest class which is formed because of acquiring a large quantity of income from the outside system, especially from the outside legal system. The paper expounds that the principle of distribution under the market economy system can only be carried out according to the productive elements. This principle has not been fully carried out in our country recently. Equitable distribution is the issue that shonld be considered not by the mark.et, but by the government. The government should regulate the re-distribution by means of improving basic capital, financial transforming payment system, tax-collection system and so on. The important premise is the transformation of the governmental functions. The government should set up the service function of “taking human beings as the essence”.