论高岭石粘土和铝土矿研究的新进展

Recent Progress in Study on Kaolinite Clay and Bauxite

过去我国地质界向前苏联学习,把球粘土(Ballclay)作为高岭土或耐火粘土的一个变种,使我们找矿走入误区,以致后来从美国进口球粘土。其实球粘土的结晶性质这个内在因素与高岭土或耐火粘土常不相同,则派生的性能更不一样,应成为独立的矿种,还可与国际接轨。又过去国内外学者认为高岭石高度有序为热液型的,而沉积型的为无序高岭石。但笔者等的研究,我国高岭石高度有序而规模大且均匀稳定的,应算沉积型的紫矸(古生代高岭石软质粘土),可以作流动性好的造纸涂料。又我国硬水铝石岩溶铝土矿,应属于生物有机质成矿作用的沉积型铝土矿。

In the past, the Chinese geologists followed the pre-soviet union specitScations to consider ball clay as a variety of refractory kaolinite clay. Thus we Chinese geologists were misled in searching for ball clay and China has to import ball clay from U. S. A. In fact , ball clay is crystallogenetically varied to kaolinite or refractory clay and the physical properties are also varied. Ball clay should be classified to a separate ore type according to international standard.Previously, the highly ordered kaolinite is thought to be hydrothermal kaolinite and the disordered, sedimentary kaolinite. The author and his colleagues have worked in the large kaolinite deposits in China revealing that large size kaolinite deposits with homogeneous highly ordered kaolinite are sedimentary purple stone band （palaeozoic soft clay）. Such kind of clay can be used as high mobility material in paper industry. And karst diaspore bauxite deposits belong to bioorganic sedimentary deposits.