基于生态基础设施的城市空间发展格局——“反规划”之台州案例

GROWTH PATTERN OF TAIZHOU CITY BASED ON ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: A NEGATIVE APPROACH PHYSICAL URBAN PLANNING

以浙江省台州市为例,系统地介绍了城市物质空间的“反规划”途径,通过建立保障土地生命系统完整性和地域特色的生态基础设施(EI),在宏观、中观和微观三个尺度上来定义城市空间发展格局和形态。宏观尺度上,首先建立洪水安全格局、生物多样性保护安全格局、文化遗产安全格局和游憩景观安全格局等,并整合这些安全格局而形成区域EI,以引导和框限城市总体空间发展格局;在中观尺度上,通过对EI元素的控制,完善城市EI,并作为城市内部空间结构的基本框架;在微观尺度上,通过地段设计,将区域EI的生态服务功能导引入城市肌理,并以此为基础,形成独特的城市土地利用模式。研究表明,人地关系的协调不仅是一个量的问题,更重要的是一种空间关系和格局的协调。

Using Taizhou City of Zhjiang Province as a case study, this paper systematically introduce the methodology of “negative planning” approach to physical urban planning. Ecological infrastructures （EI） were planned and designed at large, medium and small scales, which are then used to define the urban growth pattern. At the large scale, landscape security patterns were planned for flood and storm water management, bio-diversity conservation, cultural heritage protection and recreation; these security patterns were then integrated into the regional EI. At the medium scale, design and management guidelines were developed for the El components, which are used to define the inner urban form. At the small scale, micro El are deigned to deliver the ecological services from the regional EI into the urban fabric. Finally, it is demonstrated that the harmonious relationship between land and people can be achieved not just in terms of quantity, but more in terms of pattern and spatial relationship.