生物反馈疗法干预考试焦虑的效果观察

Effects of biofeedback therapy on the intervention of examination-caused anxiety

目的:验证运用生物反馈疗法干预考试焦虑是否有效。方法:于2005-02/04选取上海市某校高中三年级的学生312人为调查对象。运用症状自评量表对其进行考试焦虑水平的普测。症状自评量表包括躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性等9个因子90项内容,本调查只选取有关躯体化、焦虑、抑郁因子的内容进行测试。参照症状自评量表常模躯体化(0.89～1.85),焦虑(0.89～1.82),抑郁(0.91～2.09)为评价标准。从焦虑因子评分>2.81(超过常模两个标准差)的同学中随机选取学生70人作为本次调查对象。完全随机地分为实验组与对照组,每组35人。其中实验组男16人,女19人;对照组男17人,女18人。运用生物反馈仪以及VBFB3000生物反馈诊疗系统中焦虑治疗程序对实验组进行生物反馈治疗,共治疗6次,30min/次,2次/周。并于治疗后再进行症状自评量表的测试,对照组第2次测试于首次测试后21天进行。结果:在对调查对象312人的普测中,躯体化、焦虑、抑郁因子的评分依次为2.210±0.580、3.204±0.412、2.125±0.324,超出常模两个标准差的人数比例为66.1%,77.2%,71.2%。其中焦虑因子评分高于2.81的调查对象人数高达241人。运用完全随机法抽取70人均完成全部测试,进入结果分析。实验组经过治疗后,躯体化、焦虑、抑郁水平明显下降(P=0.000)。但平均焦虑水平仍然大于1.82。平均躯体化、抑郁水平处于常态内。对照组前后的焦虑、躯体化、抑郁水平没有显著性的变化。实验前两组学生3个因子评分性别差异均不显著。实验后实验组男生躯体化因子评分低于女生,差异有显著性犤(1.181±0.219),(1.357±0.195),t=-2.518,P<0.05犦。结论:生物反馈疗法可有效降低个体的躯体化、焦虑水平,同时也使抑郁水平下降。

AIM： To verify whether the biofeedback therapy on the intervention of examination-caused anxiety has effects or not. METHODS： 312 students from grade 3 of a certain Shanghai senior high school were selected as observation objects from February to April 2005. The universal test was performed on the level of examination-caused anxiety by symptom checklist （SCL）. The SCL included somatization, compulsion, human relation, depression, anxiety, rivalry, fear, intolerance and mental disease etc. totally 9 factors, 90 items. This investigation only chose the content of somatization, anxiety and depressive factor to test. The somatization （0.89-1.85）, anxiety （0.89-1.82） and depression （0.91-2.09） of normal model of SCL were taken as assessment standard. Seventy students were collected randomly from those whose score of anxiety factor〉 2.81 （over 2 standard deviation of normal model） as the observation objects for this investigation,and were divided randomly into experimental group and control group with 35 in each group, including 16 males and 19 females in the experimental group; 17 males and 18 females in the control group. Those in the experimental group were treated the biofeedback treatment by anxiety therapy program of biofeedback meter and VBFB3000 biofeedback diagnosis system, totally 6 treatment, 30 minutes once, twice a week. After treatment the SCL was performed after therapy. The second test in the control group was performed at the 21 days after the first test. RESULTS： In the universal test of the 312 people, the scores of somatization, anxiety and depressive factor were 2.210±0.580, 3.204±0.412, 2.125±0.324, respectively. The proportions of the people who were over two standard deviation compared with normal models were 66.1% , 77.2% and 71.2%, respectively. The people whose score of anxiety factor over 2.81 were as high as 241. Seventy people were collected by the complete randomized method. They were all conducted the whole test and involved in the result analysis. After treatment in the experimental group, the levels of somatization, anxiety and depression significantly decreased （P=0.000）, but the average anxiety level was still more than 1.82, and the average levels of somatization and depression were within the normality. There were insignificant changes of levels of anxiety, somatization and depression in the control group. The sex differences of the scores of 3 factors were insignificant in 2 group students before trial. The score of somatization factor of males in experimental group after trial was lower than that of the females, and with significant difference [ （ 1.181±0.219 ）, （1.357±0.195 ）, t=-2.518, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： The biofeedback therapy can effectually reduce the levels of individual somatization and anxiety. Meanwhile, reduce the depressive level.