青少年未婚先孕者的心理状态分析

Mental status of adolescents who are pregnant before marriage

背景:青少年未婚先孕的问题较多,通过对未婚青少年发生性行为的心理状态进行分析,以解除未婚青少年因发生性行为而造成的心理压力。目的:了解未婚先孕青少年的心理状况,探讨预防未婚先孕的有效措施和方法。设计:回顾性调查。单位:唐山师范学院教育心理系。对象:调查对象为2001-05/2003-03唐山市军鑫医院妇科门诊终止妊娠的患者200例,均为未婚先孕者,年龄14～30岁,以初、高中学生为主,占总患者人数的95%。调查对象本人及监护人对本调查知情,并自愿参与本调查。方法:采用自编问卷进行调查:①恋爱时间与对待妊娠的态度:谈恋爱时间(初中、高中、大学)、发生性行为时的年龄、文化程度、感到高兴、无所谓、后悔、有羞耻感、想自杀等。②发生性关系时所采取的措施:采取、不采取、偶尔采取等。答卷采用单独进行,测试者不作任何的提示。主要观察指标:①未婚先孕者的年龄、文化程度调查结果。②未婚先孕者对待妊娠的态度。③未婚先孕者在发生性关系时所采取的措。结果:200例患者全部完成答卷,结果均纳入分析。①未婚先孕者的年龄、文化程度调查结果:调查的200例中14～16岁8例;17～19岁78例;20～24岁106例;25岁以上8例。文化程度初中者占42.0%,高中占38.0%,大专以上占20.0%。②未婚先孕者对待妊娠的态度:感到高兴6例,无所谓14例,后悔138例,有羞耻感36例,想自杀6例。③未婚先孕者在发生性关系时所采取的措施:200例中在发生性关系时绝大部分不采取避孕和防御措施,偶而采取避孕者26例(13%),不明白性传播疾病含义者32例(16%),该组患者对所确诊疾病持怀疑态度者58例(29%)。结论:未婚先孕者的年龄集中在20岁左右,高中以下文化程度者发生率高;大多数人对未婚先孕感到后悔,绝大部分不采取避孕和防御措施。

BACKGROUND： There are more and more problems for adolescents who are pregnant before marriage. The paper analyzed the mental status of unmarried adolescents with sexual behavior, so as to relieve the psychological pressure caused by sexual behavior in unmarried adolescents. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the mental status of adolescents who were pregnant before marriage, and probe into the effective measures and methods to prevent pregnancy before marriage. DESIGN： A retrospective study. SETTING： Department of Educational Psychology, Tangshan Teacher＇s College. SUBJECTS：Totally 200 patients aged 14-30 years,who were all pregnant before marriage,received termination of pregnancy in the outpatient department of obstetrics, Tangshan Junxin Hospital between May 2001 and March 2003.95% of them were students of junior or senior high middle schools.All the subjects were voluntarily involved in the study with the permission of their guardians. INTERVENTIONS： The subjects were investigated with the self-designed questionnaires：②time of love and attitude to pregnancy）, time of love （junior middle school, senior high middle school, university）, age of sexual behavior, educational background, feelings of happiness, not care, regret and shame, suicidal idea, etc.②adopted measures when had sexual behavior： adopted, not adopted, occasionally adopted. The questionnaires were finished independently without any suggestion from the testers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：①Age and educational background of the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage;②Attitude to pregnancy of the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage; ③Measures adopted by the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage when they had sexual behavior. RESULTS： All the 200 patients finished the questionnaires, and the results were involved in the analysis.①Age and educational background of the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage： Of the investigated 200 patients, 8 cases aged 14-16 years, 78 cases aged 17-19 years, 106 cases aged 20-24 years and 8 cases aged above 25 years; the educational background was junior middle school in 42.0% of the patients, senior high middle school in 38.0%, university and above in 20.0%. ②Attitude to pregnancy of the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage： Of the investigated 200 patients, 6 cases felt happy, 14 cases did not care, 138 cases felt regretful, 36 cases felt shameful, and 6 cases had the idea of suicide. ③Measures adopted by the adolescents who were pregnant before marriage when they had sexual behavior： Of the 200 patients, most did not adopt measures for contraception, 26 cases （13%） occasionally adopted measures for contraception, 32 cases （16%） did not understand the definition of sexually transmitted diseases, and 58 cases （29%） were doubtful about the disease that they were clearly diagnosed. CONCLUSION： Most of the adolescents who are pregnant before marriage aged about 20 years, and the incidence rate is higher in those with the educational background of senior high middle school and lower. Most of them feel regretful for pregnancy before marriage, and a great number of them do not adopt measures for contraception.