不同群体类型师范大学生抑郁发生率及相关因素分析

Incidence rate of depression and related factors analysis in undergraduates of different crowd from normal university

目的:探讨师范专业大学生抑郁症状的发生情况及影响因素,为高校开展心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法:于2003-09/10用抑郁自评量表作为测量工具,以班为单位,用匿名的方式对河南省某师范院校的师范专业大学生的抑郁症状及相关因素进行调查。抑郁自评量表标准分<50者为“无抑郁”症状,≥50,但<60者为“轻度抑郁”,≥60,但<70者为“中度抑郁”,≥70者为“重度抑郁”。获回答、规范问卷1351份,其中,1年级498名,2年级441名,3年级412名;男577名,女774名。结果:所获得的1351份问卷的数据均进入结果分析。不同群体间抑郁自评量表均值的比较分析:①性别间的比较:男女学生的评分接近(48.44±11.20,48.85±10.39)。②年级间比较:一、二、三年级学生抑郁自评量表得分接近(48.76±10.39,49.22±11.12,47.99±10.74)。③不同学习成绩学生之间的比较:学习成绩优、良的学生的抑郁自评量表标准分均值比学习成绩中、差的学生低(46.62±10.17,47.71±10.51,49.42±10.83,51.75±10.41)。④不同人际关系学生的比较:人际关系较好的学生,其抑郁自评量表标准分均值显著低于人际关系一般的学生、较差的学生(46.62±11.04,49.34±10.32,54.80±12.42);人际关系一般的学生其抑郁自评量表标准分均值明显低于人际关系较差的学生。抑郁症状检出率分析:①抑郁症状检出率比较分析:师范专业大学生抑郁症状检出率较高,轻度及以上者占45.5%,而且具有2.8%的重度抑郁症患者。②不同群体间抑郁症状检出率比较分析:年级、性别间学生抑郁的不同检出率无差异,而人际关系(F=16.04,P<0.01)、学习成绩(F=5.83,P<0.01)之间差异显著。结论:师范专业大学生抑郁症状检出率高。性别及年级对抑郁发生率无明显影响,而学习成绩、人际关系是影响师范专业大学生心理健康的重要因素。

AIM： To explore the emergence of depression symptom and influence factors in the undergraduates who major in education and offer basis for psychological health education in college. METHODS： The investigation was performed in the undergraduates who major in education from a Henan normal university on the depression symptom and related factors in the anonymous way taking the class as a unit from September to October 2003 with self-rating depressive scale （SDS）. The standard score of the SDS 〈 50 meant “without depressive” symptom;≥50 and 〈60 meant “mild depression”; ≥60,but 〈 70 “moderate depression”, ≥70“severe depression”. 1 351 regular questionnaires were gained, including 498 from grade one, 441 from grade two, 412 from grade three, and 577 males, 774 females. RESULTS： All the received 1 351 questionnaires were involved in the result analysis. The comparative analysis of average value of SDS in different crowd： ① Comparison between different sex： The scores was close between male students and female students （48.44±11.20, 48.85±10.39）.② Comparison among different grade： The scores of SDS among the grade one, grade two and grade three were close （48.76±10.39, 49.22±11.12, 47.99±10.74）. ③ Comparison among students with different learning result： The average scores of SDS of those who had excellent result and good result were lower than that of those who had moderate and bad result （46.62±10.17, 47.71±10.51, 49.42±10.83, 51.75±10.41 ）. ④ Comparison among the students with different human relation： The score of those students who had good human relation was lower significantly than those who had moderate and bad human relation （46.62±11.04,49.34±10.32, 54.80±12.42）; The average value of standard score of SDS of those who had common human relation was lower remarkablely than those who had bad human relation. The analysis of inspective rate of depressive symptom： ① Comparative analysis of inspective rate of depressive symptom： The inspective rate of depressive symptom in the undergraduates majored in education was higher, 45.5% mild and over mild, and with 2.8% severe depressive patients.② Comparative analysis of inspective rate of depressive symptom in different crowd： There was no difference among different grade and sex students on the inspective rate, while the human relation （F =16.04,P 〈 0.01 ） and learning result （F =5.83, P 〈 0.01 ） had significant difference. CONCLUSION： The inspective rate of depressive symptom in undergrads majored in education is high. The sex and grade have insignificant influence on the incidence rate of depression, while academic record and human relation are important factors of influencing psychological health in undergrads majored in education.