早期干预对正常独生子女行为问题的影响

Effects of early psychosocial intervention on behavior prob-lems of the only child

目的:通过实施独生子女健全人格培养方案,探讨早期干预对正常独生子女行为发育的影响。方法:全部样本选自北京市西城区,随机抽取知情同意的67名健康独生子女家庭,1995/2002为实验阶段。分为干预组30例,对照组37例,干预组按健全人格培养方案连续进行干预指导6年,对照组不予干预。至2003-05完成第一阶段实验数据的处理和统计,分别给予Achenbach儿童行为量表测评儿童行为问题状况,男孩上界是21分,女孩为19分。应用儿童社会适应行为量表(采用适应行为离差智商,均数100,标准差为150)测定儿童社会适应能力,应用中国比内智商测验(共51题,通过一个计1分,连续5题不通过即停止,测得的总分根据离差智商计分法查出对应的智商,平均数为100,标准差为16)测定幼儿智商。结果:纳入儿童67人,均进入结果分析,无脱落者。①行为量表测定结果:干预组儿童行为问题中体诉、社交退缩和攻击因子分明显低于对照组(1.47±1.45,3.72±1.89;2.56±2.22,3.72±1.89;4.06±2.36,5.37±2.40,P<0.05,P<0.01)。②社会适应量表测定结果:干预组儿童适应行为评定量表的认知、社会自制因子分和适应商总分高于对照组(29.83±7.43,25.43±4.06;54.87±7.57,49.49±8.42;118.03±11.65,109.29±14.47,P<0.05)。③比奈幼儿智商测定结果:干预组高于对照组(96.93±7.37,91.22±5.21,P<0.01)。结论:通过对正常独生子女的早期健全人格培养可以减少行为问题检出率,提高儿童的适应行为和智商。

AIM： To investigate the influence of the early psychosocial intervention on behavior development in normal only children by applying the programs for perfecting personality in only children. METHODS： Sixty-seven health only children from 67 families were randomly selected from the Xicheng District in Beijing from 1995 to 2002. All the families consented about our investigation. They were divided into intervention group（n=30） and control group（n=37）. The children in the former group received a 6 years＇ the guide and intervention by applying the programs for perfecting personality in only children, whereas those in the control group did not receive any professional guide and intervention. When the experimental data at the first stage were processed statistically, the Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist（CBCL, critical score was 21 marks for boys and 19 for girls） was used to assess the status of children＇s behavior problems, Adaptive Behavior Scale（deviated 1Q of adaption behavior： mean of 100 and standard deviation of 150） to assess the a-bility of adapting to society, Binet intelligence quotient（IQ） test（a total of 51 questions, 1 mark for each, it will be quitted if 5 consecutive questions were not passed; the corresponding IQ to the measured total score was checked out according to the difference quotient based on the mean of 100 and standard deviation of 16） to detect the IQ of the children. RESULTS： The selected 67 children were all involved in the result analysis without loss. ①The results of CBCL： The score of body complain, social withdrawal and aggression in CBCL was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group（1.47±1.45 vs 3.72±1.89, 2.56±2.22 vs 3.72±1.89, 4.06±2.36 vs 5.37±2.40, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）.②The results of adaptive behavior scale： The score of cognition and social self-control ability, and the total score of adaptation were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group （29.83±7.43 vs 25.43±4.06, 54.87±7.57 vs 49.49±8.42, 118.03±11.65 vs 109.29±14.47, P 〈 0.05）.③The score of Binet IQ test was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group（96.93±7.37 vs 91.22±5.21, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Early education for perfecting personality can decrease the prevalence of behavior problem and increase the value of the adaptive behavior and IQ.