助产士心理健康状况及心理需求调查

Investigation on the mental status and demands of midwives

目的:调查并分析助产士的心理健康状况及其心理需求,并与国内常模作比较。方法:选择2003-04/2004-09由广西医科大学第一附属医院在南宁市举办3期省级继续教育项目妇产科护理学习班的女性助产士162人。采用症状自评量表(包括躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等9个因子90条项目。按照5级评分0～4级:0为无,1为轻度,2为中度,3为偏重,4为严重)进行自评,并与国内常模进行比较。采用自行设计调查问卷,共25题,评估3部分内容:助产职业认知和行为状况,心理压力源和心理需求。结果:发放问卷162份,收回填写完整的问卷151份,回收有效率93.2%。①症状自评量表评估显示:躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子、症状自评总分、总症状指数高于常模(1.53±0.53,1.75±0.51,1.64±0.48,1.54±0.45,1.32±0.38,1.40±0.36,139.40±35.92,1.54±0.38;1.37±0.48,1.62±0.58,1.50±0.59,1.39±0.43,1.23±0.41,1.29±0.42,129.96±38.76,1.44±0.43,P<0.05),而人际关系、敌对、偏执与国内常模基本接近(P>0.05)。②自行设计问卷调查结果显示:心理压力源中助产职业风险压力大、工作疲溃感、职业暴露、孕妇及家属要求高、婴儿的危险、福利待遇低和产妇的危险7项内容选择率>50%。在心理需求中专业技术职称、定期休假、科室联谊活动、专业培训、护理大本学历、好的上级、融洽的团队7项内容选择率>50%。结论:助产士存在诸多心理健康问题,职业风险大是影响助产士心理健康的主要因素,设法缓解心理压力,有助于提高助产士心理健康水平。

AIM：To investigate and analyze the status of midwife＇s psychological health and their psychological demands, and to perform comparison with domestic norm. METHODS：Totally 162 female midwives studying in the nursing class, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology （the third stage provincial further education hold in Nanning ）, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University＇ from April 2003 to September 2004 were recruited .Symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） was adopted to evaluate（including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and so on 9 factors , 90 items. It was divided into 0 to 4 grades： 0 as 0, 1 as slight, 2 as moderate, 3 as a little severe, 4 was severe）, and perform the comparison with domestic norm. Self-made questionnaire was adopted, including 25 questions, to evaluate the contents of the three parts： cognitive and behavior status, source of mental pressure and mental demand of the midwife＇s occupation. RESULTS ：Totally 162 questionnaires were handed out and 151 completely filled questionnaires were took back and the effective rate was 93.2%. ①SCL-90 showed that ： somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, psychoticism factor, total score of symptom, index of general symptom was higher than the norm （1.53±0.53,1.75±0.51, 1.64±0.48,1.54±0.45,1.32±0.38,1.40±0.36,139.40±35.92,1.54±0.38; 1.37±0.48,1.62±0.58,1.50±0.59,1.39±0.43,1.23±0.41,1.29 ±0.42, 129.96±38.76,1.44±0.43, P 〈 0.05）,while interpersonal sensitivity , hostility, paranoid ideation was similar to the domestic norm respectively （P 〉 0.05）.②Investigated result of self-made questionnaires showed ： the selection rate of job.tiredness , occupation exposure, high demands of pregnant woman and relatives, the baby＇s risk , lower welfare and the risk of lying-in woman was more than 50%. The selection rate of technical title of speciality, periodic vacation , activity of section office, speciality training, bachelor of nursing, good leader, placatory team was more than 50%. CONCLUSION： Midwives have many psychological health problems. Bigger risk of occupation is the major factor influencing psychological health of midwives. Trying to release the psychological pressure is helpful to improve the psychological health level of midwives.